About
I am a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Trinity College Dublin, funded by Taighde Éireann – Research Ireland. My work investigates the structural foundations of language variation, with particular attention to the interplay between diachrony, microvariation, and grammatical architecture. Two core questions drive my research agenda: why word order changes over time, and why closely related languages develop distinct properties. My primary area of expertise is in formal Romance syntax, and I have worked on a range of varieties including Old and Modern French, Old Occitan, Old and Modern Italian, Old Sardinian, Old and Modern Catalan, and Romanian, as well as Standard Greek and the Amazigh languages.
I am an Associate Member of the Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics at the University of Oxford, and an Associate Researcher of the Maison Française d'Oxford. I sit on the Executive Committee of the Societas Linguistica Europaea.
Before joining TCD, I was a Lecturer in French Linguistics at the University of Oxford, where I served as Linguistics Organising Tutor at St John's College, St Catherine's College, and Pembroke College. I previously taught at Queen's University Belfast and Ulster University.
Profiles
Office
Room 3129
Department of Linguistics
Arts Building
Trinity College Dublin
Dublin, Ireland
Research
My research investigates the formal properties of natural language, drawing on corpus linguistics, diachronic data, and cross-linguistic comparison. Past and current projects include:
My work on clitic placement investigates the proclisis-enclisis alternation in finite and non-finite clauses (in the history of French and in other Romance languages), and patterns of clitic climbing, reduplication, and interpolation. I am also interested in the nature of clitic doubling (mainly in Greek) and its consequences on theories of clitic placement.
My Probus article offers a minimalist analysis of auxiliary selection in French, where I argue against the traditional hypothesis that argument structure 'decides'. In my NLLT paper, I apply my framework to auxiliary switch, with new data from the diachrony of French and in comparison with Italian.
I observed that some infinitival complementizers (a/de) are merged low. In work co-authored with Anna Paradís, we draw on pan-Romance data to argue that 'prepositional complementizers' can be either true P or true C. When they are the latter, we show that they can be merged in the following domains: CP, IP, or vP.
While my work argues against the existence of 'restructuring', it looks at clause size and long distance phenomena. My research focuses on clitic climbing, auxiliary switch, infinitival complementizers, and the 'know how to' construction. I also include cases of infinitive fronting of the type found in medieval Romance.
I defend the view that formal features can be specified with subfeatures (or rather, subvalues). My formal work on auxiliary selection proposes that Agree tracks indices of person features and questions the notion of argument identity.
This collaboration with Raffaella Folli questions the nature of se-constructions in French, in comparison with Italian. We aim at contributing to the issue of differentiating passives from impersonals.
My work on these languages is quantitative and involves corpus linguistics. I document and quantify morphosyntactic constructions to analyse patterns of change and variation, within and between the two languages.
Much of my work documents and analyses the Romance language, with the systematic inclusion of minoritised varieties. I am fascinated by the mechanisms behind the fragmentation of Latin into a multitude of languages.
In my book I compare clitic placement across Greek varieties (Standard, Pontic, Cypriot, Italiot, and Tsakonian). My collaboration with Christina Sevdali explores patterns of clitic doubling across clausal domains in Standard Greek.
Publications
Book
Clitic Placement in the History of French
Under contract. Oxford Studies in Diachronic and Historical Linguistics. Oxford University Press.
Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Agree in restructuring: evidence from auxiliary switch and clitic climbing in French and Italian
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory.
A tripartition of complementizers: exploring clause size in Romance
Adina Dragomirescu & Alexandru Nicolae (eds.), Theoretical and Empirical issues in the study of clause size. Special issue of Revue Roumaine de Linguistique. Preprint ↗
A syntactic account of auxiliary selection in French
Probus, 37(2), pp. 163–197. DOI: 10.1515/probus-2024-0005 Article ↗
Clitic placement with infinitives in the diachrony of French: from enclisis to proclisis
Journal of Historical Syntax, 9, pp. 1–45. DOI: 10.18148/hs/2025.v9i2-10.212 Article ↗
Infinitive fronting as a transparency effect in Old and Middle French
Jan Casalicchio & Peter Herbeck (eds.), New perspectives on the syntax of causative and restructuring verbs in Romance. Special issue of Isogloss: Open Journal of Romance Linguistics, 10(4), pp. 1–27. DOI: 10.5565/rev/isogloss.314Article ↗
Clitic climbing and restructuring in the history of French
Glossa: a journal of general linguistics, 8(1), pp. 1–45. DOI: 10.16995/glossa.10135 Article ↗
Diachronie de la proclise et de l'enclise avec l'infinitif en français médiéval (12e–15e s.)
Mathieu Goux (ed.) Le temps long: l'évolution du français dans un corpus textuel calibré. Le témoignage de la coutume de Normandie. Special issue of Studia Linguistica Romanica, 8, pp. 10–35. DOI: 10.25364 /19.2022.8.2 Article ↗
Language in time: assessing Medieval French registers in a quest for accuracy in historical linguistics
French Studies Bulletin, 42(159), pp. 23–27. DOI: 10.1093/frebul/ktab012 Article ↗
From Old French to French: Language as a Living Puzzle
Intersections, Postgraduate Journal, 1(1), pp. 40–43.
Book Chapters
Restructuring in the Gallo-Ibero-Romance continuum: patterns of variation and contact
Adam Ledgeway & Norma Schifano (eds.), Morphosyntactic variation and change under contact. Oxford University Press.
Clitic placement along the French, Occitan, and Catalan medieval continuum
Mar Garachana & Andreu Sentí (eds.), Ibero- and Gallo-Romance through time. De Gruyter.
Edited Special Issues
Crosslinguistic perspectives on syntactic change in the diachrony of Romance
Special issue of Catalan Journal of Linguistics.
Romance languages and historical syntax: emerging perspectives
Special issue of Studia Linguistica.
Proceedings of DiGS26
Special issue of Journal of Historical Linguistics.
Researching Occitan in the 21st Century: un dialòg interdisciplinari
Special issue of Revue Romane, 60(1). DOI: 10.1075/rro.00040.oli READ ↗
Book Review
Review of Goux & Mounier (eds.), La corrélation en diachronie longue
Revue de Linguistique Romane, 89, pp. 262–266. DOI: 10.46277/rlir.2025.262-266
Theses
A Corpus Study of Clitic Placement with Infinitives in the Diachrony of French
PhD Thesis, Ulster University. Download ↗
A Diachronic Study of Proclisis-Enclisis Alternation on Infinitives and Imperatives in Old French
Master's Thesis, Ulster University.
Blog Post
Change Is On Its Way
Institute of Modern Languages Research blog. Read ↗
Talks & Presentations
Invited Talks
À propos de la montée du clitique et de l'alternation de l'auxiliaire: nouvelles données italiennes, sardes, et françaises
Journée d'études sur les clitiques dans les langues romanes. Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, France. December 11–12.
La variation proclise-enclise en occitan et catalan médiéval: nouvelles données et nouveaux enjeux (with Anna Paradís)
Journée d'études sur les clitiques dans les langues romanes. Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, France. December 11–12.
If the clitic climbs, the auxiliary switches (but not vice versa): exploring syntactic triggers in French
Linguistics Research Seminar. Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. October 7.
Be or not be? Predicting auxiliary selection in Romance without relying (too much) on argument structure
General Linguistics Seminar. Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, UK. April 28.
Quelques remarques à propos des parlers gallo- et ibéro-romans : ce que les clitiques nous disent sur la typologie (with Anna Paradís)
Opération "Clitiques". Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, France. February 7.
A comparative approach to theoretical issues: clause size in Romance (with Anna Paradís)
RoLinC - Romance Linguistics Circle. Universities of Cambridge and Newcastle, UK. October 29.
Stressed proclitics in Middle French? Evidence that language change is driven by structural simplification
Historical Syntax Seminar. Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford, UK. May 1.
Restructuring: one phenomenon, one size? (with Anna Paradís)
Oxford Romance Linguistics Seminar. Research Centre for Romance Linguistics, University of Oxford, UK. November 16.
Phonologically-driven syntactic change in French
Oxford Romance Linguistics Seminar. Research Centre for Romance Linguistics, University of Oxford, UK. February 23.
The rise of infinitival proclisis in French is independent from the loss of clitic climbing: evidence from a corpus of legal texts
Linguistics Research Seminar. School of Communication and Media, Ulster University, UK. March 23.
Peer-Reviewed Oral Presentations
Clitics tossed around from syntax to PF: Tobler-Mussafia irregularities in Old Occitan & Old Catalan (with Anna Paradís)
CGG35 - 35th Colloquium on Generative Grammar. Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia. May 27–29.
From Wh-element to polarity item: reanalysis of 'what' in French and Romance
SLE58 - Societas Linguistica Europaea. Université Bordeaux Montaigne, France. August 26–29.
Towards a formal account of auxiliary switch: new data from French
Going Romance 38. Universidade do Minho, Portugal. December 4–6.
Être or not: Auxiliary switch in the diachrony of French
ICL2024 - 21st International Congress of Linguists. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland. September 4–8.
Auxiliary switch in Italian and Romance
SLE57 - Societas Linguistica Europaea. University of Helsinki, Finland. August 21–24.
One size does not fit all: a comparative analysis of restructuring in Romance (with Anna Paradís)
Nouălea simpozion internațional de lingvistică. Institutul de Lingvistică, Romania. May 23–24.
Exploring the morphosyntax of minoritised varieties: Restructuring in the Gallo-/Ibero-Romance continuum (with Anna Paradís)
Romance grammars, context and contact. University of Birmingham, UK. January 8–10.
Word Order in Old Occitan: Infinitive Object Clitics
Going Romance 37. Radboud University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. November 30–December 1.
When change fails: evidence from French
ICHL26 - 26th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. University of Heidelberg, Germany. September 4–8.
Stylistic Fronting as a Transparency Effect: new data from Old Gallo-Romance
SLE56 - Societas Linguistica Europaea. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. August 29–September 1.
The many faces of particles: exploring clause size in Romance (with Anna Paradís)
LAGB 2023. Anglia Ruskin University, UK. August 29–September 1.
Evidence for high infinitive placement in Old French
DiGS24 - Diachronic Generative Syntax. University of Paris, France. July 5–7.
The clausal architecture of Old French infinitival clauses
LSRL53 - Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages. Université Paris Cité / Sorbonne Nouvelle / Paris Saclay, France. June 26–30.
Strong morphology, weak distribution: a case of failed change in French
Going Romance 36. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. November 30–December 2.
When do clitics cliticise?
LAGB 2022. Ulster University, UK. September 14.
On the losses of enclisis and clitic climbing in the diachrony of French
DiGS23 - Diachronic Generative Syntax. New York University, USA. June 8–10.
Chute de l'enclise infinitive en français: une étude diachronique et comparée
Colloque international Diachro X. Paris Sorbonne Université, France. May 31–June 2.
Restructuring without clitic climbing (with Christina Sevdali & Raffaella Folli)
SCUP22 - Syntactic Conferences at the University of Palermo, Italy. May 26–27.
The role of phonology in language change: evidence from clitics and infinitives in French
LSRL52 - Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages. University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. April 21–23.
Diachrony and directionality of clitic placement in Romance: evidence from French
PLC46 - Penn Linguistics Conference. University of Pennsylvania, USA. March 18–20.
Clitic placement with infinitives in the diachrony of French (with Christina Sevdali & Raffaella Folli)
LAGB 2021. Online. September 8.
Preinfinitival strong pronouns in Medieval French: reconsideration and loss
mFiL - Manchester Forum in Linguistics. University of Manchester, UK. April 28–29.
Étude de la diachronie du français : constituer un corpus de textes légaux
Society for French Studies. Online. July 29.
Presentations at Workshops & Seminars
The syntax of infinitives in Old Occitan: Evidence from negation, adverbs, and clitics
Synchronic and diachronic syntax of Occitan. Université de Caen Normandie. April 8–10.
Passive illusions: impersonal si/se in Italian and French (with Raffaella Folli)
International Workshop on Romance SE/SI Constructions. Universitat de Barcelona. January 22–23.
Auxiliary switch in the diachrony of French
Cambridge Romance Linguistics Seminar. University of Cambridge, Trinity Hall, UK. January 4.
Deconstructing restructuring: new insights at the crossroads of Gallo-Romance and Ibero-Romance (with Anna Paradís)
Cambridge Romance Linguistics Seminar. University of Cambridge, Trinity Hall, UK. January 3.
Where do clitics go in Old Gallo-Romance infinitival clauses?
Occitan Studies Day. University of Oxford, Trinity College, UK. May 20.
Infinitival morphology and clitic placement
Cambridge 50th Romance Linguistics Seminar. University of Cambridge, Trinity Hall, UK. January 5.
Clitic placement in Old French non-finite contexts
ADEFFI Symposium. Maynooth University, Ireland. April.
Poster Presentations
Unchartered territory in Greek clitic doubling (with Christina Sevdali)
CGG35 - 35th Colloquium on Generative Grammar. Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia. May 27–29.
Restructuring beyond binary thinking: clause size variation in Romance (with Anna Paradís)
Going Romance 38. Universidade do Minho, Portugal. December 4–6.
Targeting diachronic issues: a review of Old French
CreteLing. University of Crete, Greece. July 18.
Service
Transitioning from PhD to Lectureship
Life Beyond the PhD Series. Doctoral College, Ulster University, UK. February 7.
Supervising undergraduate research
Teaching and Learning Series. Jointly invited by ADEFFI and ASMCF, UK & Ireland. June 29.
Outreach
Linguistics Taster Lecture
St Catherine's College Academic Taster Days, Oxford.
Linguistics Taster Lecture
St Catherine's College Academic Taster Days, Oxford.
Linguistics Taster Lecture
St Catherine's College Academic Taster Days, Oxford.
As we speak: managing bilingual societies in Europe (with Cecilia Gialdini)
Imagine Festival, Belfast. March 25. Watch ↗
L'arrivée du pronom 'iel' dans le dictionnaire le Robert marque-t-elle un tournant sociétal?
20 minutes, France. November 18. Read ↗
'Iel', un nouveau pronom dans le dictionnaire
BFMTV, France. November 17. Watch ↗
Teaching
University of Oxford
Undergraduate — Year 1
Undergraduate — Years 2, 3, 4
Postgraduate
Miscellaneous
Ulster University
Undergraduate
Postgraduate
Queen's University Belfast
Undergraduate
Lycée Grandmont
Baccalauréat Level
Events
Snapshots from events I have organised over the years.
25–26 May 2026 · Trinity College Dublin
Gallo-Romance Advances in Morphology & Syntax (GRAMS)
I am the founder of GRAMS, an initiative bringing together morphologists and syntacticians working on Gallo-Romance languages. Invited speakers: Sam Wolfe (Oxford) and Michelle Sheehan (Newcastle). Website ↗
26–29 August 2025 · Université Bordeaux Montaigne
Societas Linguistica Europaea (58th edition)
I co-organised two workshops and chaired the Awards Committee. I co-led the workshop 'Diachronic Studies on Minoritised and Under-researched Romance Varieties', featuring 15 talks. Website ↗
23–26 June 2025 · University of Oxford
Diachronic Generative Syntax (26th edition)
The leading venue for formal investigation of syntactic change. Plenary speakers: Anne Breitbarth, Pierre Larrivée, Ana Maria Martins, and Jenneke Van der Wal. Proceedings to appear in the Journal of Historical Syntax. Website ↗
10 May 2025 · University of Oxford
Occitan Studies Day (3rd edition)
A one-day conference bringing together experts in Occitan studies. Plenary speaker: Bill Burgwinkle (University of Cambridge). Programme ↗
11 May 2024 · University of Oxford
Occitan Studies Day (2nd edition)
An interdisciplinary event featuring talks spanning linguistics, history, and literature. Plenary speaker: Xavier Bach (Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès). Proceedings published in Revue Romane. Programme ↗ Special issue ↗
12 September 2022 · Ulster University
Summer School of the Linguistics Association of Great Britain
I chaired the LAGB postgraduate student committee during my PhD. Invited speakers: Christina Sevdali, Liina Pylkkänen, Maria Teresa Guasti, and Juliana Gerard.
6 September 2021 · Online
Summer School of the Linguistics Association of Great Britain
I chaired the LAGB postgraduate student committee during my PhD. Invited speakers: Raffaella Folli, Maria Polinsky, Brian Joseph, and Kersti Börjars.